What is CroFab (crotalidae polyvalent immune fab [ovine])?
How do I order CroFab?
When should I use CroFab?
How quickly should CroFab be administered for pit viper envenomation?
Does CroFab work for rattlesnake envenomation?
Why is it important that CroFab is derived from native US pit vipers?
How many vials of CroFab are needed to treat an envenomation?
Is dosing for CroFab different between children and adults?
How long does it take to reconstitute CroFab?
How common is late bleeding after treatment with CroFab?
What types of snakebites are covered by CroFab?
How many vials of CroFab should my institution stock?
What are the most common adverse events/side effects of CroFab?
REFERENCES
1. CroFab® [prescribing Information]. BTG International Inc.; August 2018. 2. Lavonas EJ, Ruha AM, Banner W, et al. Unified treatment algorithm for the management of crotaline snakebite in the United States: results of an evidence-informed consensus workshop. BMC Emerg Med. 2011;11:2. 3. Anderson VE, Gerardo CJ, Rapp-Olsson M, et al. Early administration of Fab antivenom resulted in faster limb recovery in copperhead snake envenomation patients. Clin Toxicol. 2019;57(1):25-30. 4. WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization. WHO Technical Report Series, No. 1004, Annex 5; 2017. Accessed October 13, 2023. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/biologicals/blood-products/document-migration/antivenomglrevwho_trs_1004_web_annex_5.pdf?sfvrsn=ef4b2aa5_3&download=true. 5. Gutiérrez JM, Calvete JJ, Habib AG, Harrison RA, Williams DJ, Warrell DA. Snakebite envenoming. [Erratum in: Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017;3:17079]. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017;3:17063. 6. Ferraz CR, Arrahman A, Xie C, Casewell NR, Lewis RJ, Kool J, Cardoso FC. Multifunctional toxins in snake venoms and therapeutic implications: from pain to hemorrhage and necrosis. Frontiers Ecol Evolution. 2019;7:218. 7. Riley BD, Pizon AF, Ruha AM. Snakes and other reptiles. In: Nelson LS, Lewin NA, Howland MA, Hoffman RS, Goldfrank LR, Flomenbaum NE, eds. Goldfrank’s Toxicologic Emergencies. 9th ed. McGraw-Hill Professional; 2010. 8. Tasoulis T, Isbister GK. A review and database of snake venom proteomes. Toxins (Basel). 2017;9(9):290. 9. Data on file. BTG International Inc. 10. Lavonas EJ, Khatri V, Daugherty C, Bucher-Bartelson B, King T, Dart RC. Medically significant late bleeding after treated crotaline envenomation: a systematic review. Ann Emerg Med. 2014;63(1):71-78. 11. Ruha AN, Kleinschmidt KC, Greene S, et al; ToxIC Snakebite Study Group. The epidemiology, clinical course, and management of snakebites in the North American Snakebite Registry. J Med Toxicol. 2017;13(4):309-320. 12. Dart RC, Goldfrank LR, Erstad BL, et al. Expert consensus guidelines for stocking of antidotes in hospitals that provide emergency care. Ann Emerg Med. 2018;71(3):314-325.